Barriers in European spiny lobster ( <i>Palinurus elephas</i> ) aquaculture: What we know so far?

Palinurids, also known as spiny lobsters, are high-value seafood, which is economically important for many European and Asian seafood trades. However, the reduction of wild lobster populations produces a need developing alternative renewable strategies to meet current future demands. Aquaculture lobsters has potential become major economic importance in coming years with growing markets Asia, Europe, America, Palinurus elephas being promising candidate species use commercial culture stock enhancement natural fisheries. This due its shorter larval periods rapid growth critical puerulus stage compared other species. While we have basic understanding lifecycle biology P. elephas, much this based on work undertaken similar globally. There gaps our knowledge that be addressed make aquaculture viable appropriate feeds an immediate issue well husbandry-related factors. Previous studies act platform providing baseline further research highlighting constraints. Developments realistically bridgeable gaps, likelihood producing sustainable food high value lobsters. review identifies present state outlines scope necessary technological developments it contribution towards crustacean Europe.